Abstract
The polycrystalline compound Bi0.5Pb0.5 [Fe0.1La0.4 (Zr0.25Ti0.25)]O3 was synthesized by substituting Pb, La, Zr and Ti ions on perovskite structured bismuth ferrite (BFO) with the help of mixed oxide solid state reaction method. The present work is to observe the effect of off-valence and iso-valence substitution on the dielectric and electric properties of bismuth ferrite (BFO). The room temperature XRD pattern of the calcinated powders of the sample reveals that the crystal structure is tetragonal with space group P4mm, while BFO has rhombohedral structure with space group R3c. The SEM of the sintered pellet of the compound indicates that the small grains are uniformly distributed over the surface. Complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) was adopted to analyze the dielectric, impedance and conductivity behavior of the compound. The results show that the dielectric loss in the material is significantly less than that of BFO and the dielectric and ferroelectric behavior of the sample get enhanced. The complex impedance plots show the existence of non-Debye type of relaxation phenomena, which is caused by resistive and capacitive effect of the bulk and grain boundaries. The Arrhenius plot for the compound indicates that the material possesses NTCR behavior. The frequency response of ac conductivity obeys Jonscher’s law and UDR (universal dielectric response).[Key words: off-valence, iso-valence, CIS, non-Debye type relaxation, NTCR, UDR]
Highlights
The ABO3 type perovskite material draws the attention of many researchers in the last few decades owing to their unique characteristics suitable for various technological applications [1,2,3,4]
EXPERIMENTAL: The polycrystalline ceramic compound Bi0.5Pb0.5 [Fe0.1La0.4 (Zr0.25Ti0.25)] O3 was prepared by a high temperature mixed oxide method using highly pure ingredients; Bi2O3 (FINAR-extra pure 99%), and Fe2O3, PbO, TiO2, ZrO2, La2O3 were used as ingredient materials
3.4 Impedance Analysis: Complex impedance spectroscopy provides fundamental information related to distribution parameters of different microregions, such as grain, grain boundary and electrode-electrolyte interfaces in a polycrystalline material [18, 19] and helps to isolate the contributions of bulk, grain boundary and electrode space charge effect towards the ferroelectric behavior and impedance of the material at different frequency domain
Summary
The ABO3 type perovskite material draws the attention of many researchers in the last few decades owing to their unique characteristics suitable for various technological applications [1,2,3,4]. The perovskite structured compounds possesses multifunctional properties like ferroelectricity, ferrimagnetism, piezoelectricity and magneto-electric coupling etc. Some of these materials exhibit more than one ferroic properties simultaneously. In these materials, an applied electric field can induce electrical polarization and a magnetic ordering and an applied magnetic field can induce magnetization and electrical polarization. An applied electric field can induce electrical polarization and a magnetic ordering and an applied magnetic field can induce magnetization and electrical polarization Due to these specialties, this type of materials finds their application in higher solid-state transformers, multifunctional smart devices, multi-state non volatile memories etc. In BFO, polarization arises mostly from the lone pair (S2 orbital) of Bi3+ ion, while weak magnetism results from Fe3+ ion [10]
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