Abstract
Background and Objectives: Diabetes is a chronic and metabolic disease, considered as an important public health problem. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of podiatric pathology in type II diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: An observational descriptive study of prevalence in the endocrinology service of Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC) (A Coruña-Spain) was carried out (n = 153). Type II diabetic patients included, of legal age who signed the informed consent. Sociodemographic variables were studied (age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking habit, alcohol consumption, family history), disease variables (time of evolution of diabetes, treatments, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glucose), podiatric variables: measurement of the footprint, metatarsal and digital formula, nail, skin, hindfoot and forefoot alterations. The data collection was done in 2018 and the data analysis was carried out in 2019. Results: The patients with type II diabetes had greater age, obesity and arterial hypertension it compared to the general population. Diabetic patients had a higher prevalence of flat feet than the general population (71.2% vs. 20.7%, p < 0.001), with a predominance of normal foot according to the podoscope. The predominant podological pathology was the presence of claw toes (94.8%), followed by dermal (78.4%) and nail (71.9%) alterations, and the Hallux Valgus (66.0%). The Clarke angle and the Chippaux index showed a Kappa concordance index of 0.26 with the type of footprint measured with the podoscope. The Staheli index showed a Kappa index of 0.27 associated with an observed agreement of 54%. Conclusions: This study shows that foot problems continue to be prevalent in subjects with type II diabetes mellitus and for this reason, podiatry is essential in its treatment.
Highlights
Type II diabetes is increasing worldwide due to the current sedentary lifestyle, high obesity and longer life expectancy [1].Medicina 2019, 55, 639; doi:10.3390/medicina55100639 www.mdpi.com/journal/medicinaDiabetes is a chronic disease that presents a high morbimortality due to the complications that develop during the evolution of the disease [2].In Spain, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is estimated at 9.4% (10.6% men, 8.2% women) [3].The most important risk factors for DM are age, obesity and family history of DM
We analyzed 505 patients diagnosed with type II diabetes, whose general characteristics and comorbidity (Table 1) were compared with the characteristics presented in the healthy general population sample belonging to a previous study [11]
The sample of diabetic patients presented a mean age of 62.9 ± 7.9 years, higher than the age presented by the general population
Summary
Type II diabetes is increasing worldwide due to the current sedentary lifestyle, high obesity and longer life expectancy [1].Medicina 2019, 55, 639; doi:10.3390/medicina55100639 www.mdpi.com/journal/medicinaDiabetes is a chronic disease that presents a high morbimortality due to the complications that develop during the evolution of the disease [2].In Spain, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is estimated at 9.4% (10.6% men, 8.2% women) [3].The most important risk factors for DM are age, obesity and family history of DM. The prevalence of the different chronic complications varies depending on the type of DM, the time of evolution of the disease and the degree of metabolic control, with an estimate of 25% of neuropathy, 32% of retinopathy and 23% of nephropathy [4]. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of podiatric pathology in type II diabetic patients. Sociodemographic variables were studied (age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking habit, alcohol consumption, family history), disease variables (time of evolution of diabetes, treatments, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glucose), podiatric variables: measurement of the footprint, metatarsal and digital formula, nail, skin, hindfoot and forefoot alterations. Results: The patients with type II diabetes had greater age, obesity and arterial hypertension it compared to the general population. The predominant podological pathology was the presence of claw toes (94.8%), followed by dermal (78.4%) and nail (71.9%) alterations, and the Hallux Valgus (66.0%)
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