Abstract
Four new potent anticancer palladium(II) complexes containing PdClPS2 coordination sphere have been synthesized and characterized by different analytical techniques. Here, P is the donor atom from organophosphine (triphenylphosphine (1 and 3) and tris(p-chlorophenyl)phosphine (2 and 4)) and S2 chelate is from carbodithioate (N,Nʹ-dibenzyl-1-carbodithioate (1 and 2) and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-carbodithioate (3 and 4)). All complexes exhibited distorted square planar geometry around Pd center owing to the chelate restriction of carbodithioate. The complexes are more potent anticancer (1-4) and antioxidant (3) agents than the standard drugs ((anticancer activity against HepG2: IC50 (µM) =23.39 (1) < 77.27 (3) < 82.62 (2) < 86.65 (4) < 110 (doxorubicin) and (antioxidant activity against DPPH 65.6 (%) (3) and total antioxidant capacity expressed as equivalent of ascorbic acid (3) 51.4 µg/mg, respectively)). Interestingly, the complexes demonstrated low lethal effects as determined by brine shrimp assay. The lethality sequence is opposite to that observed in anticancer (LD50 (ppm): 102.87 (1) > 65.54 (3) > 62.50 (2) > 39.82 (4)) indicating high selectivity of 1 and 3 towards cancer cells. Anticancer activities were found to depend on the molecular stability and axial protection offered by organophosphine of the complexes.
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