Abstract
Cobalt oxide [Co3O4] anode materials were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process, and the reaction conditions were optimized to provide good electrochemical properties. The effect of various synthetic reaction and heat treatment conditions on the structure and electrochemical properties of Co3O4 powder was also studied. Physical characterizations of Co3O4 are investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller [BET] method. The BET surface area decreased with values at 131.8 m2/g, 76.1 m2/g, and 55.2 m2/g with the increasing calcination temperature at 200°C, 300°C, and 400°C, respectively. The Co3O4 particle calcinated at 200°C for 3 h has a higher surface area and uniform particle size distribution which may result in better sites to accommodate Li+ and electrical contact and to give a good electrochemical property. The cell composed of Super P as a carbon conductor shows better electrochemical properties than that composed of acetylene black. Among the samples prepared under different reaction conditions, Co3O4 prepared at 200°C for 10 h showed a better cycling performance than the other samples. It gave an initial discharge capacity of 1,330 mAh/g, decreased to 779 mAh/g after 10 cycles, and then showed a steady discharge capacity of 606 mAh/g after 60 cycles.
Highlights
High performance batteries are receiving more attention nowadays, and many battery types are being developed for commercial use
Research on the anode material for lithium ion battery has been focused on carbonaceous materials and alternative materials like tin oxide, cobalt oxide, etc
XRD patterns of the samples prepared at 150°C for 12 h and 180°C for 10 h indicated the presence of impurity, which is likely due to the insufficient reaction condition
Summary
High performance batteries are receiving more attention nowadays, and many battery types are being developed for commercial use. Nanoscale or micron-sized transition metal oxides are promising alternative anode materials with excellent electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries. Cobalt oxide [Co3O4] is a good candidate as an anode material for lithium secondary batteries because of its good electrochemical capacity and high recharging rate [12]. [13], chemical spray pyrolysis [14], chemical vapor deposition [6], pulsed laser deposition [15], and traditional sol-gel method [16] These methods need a relatively high temperature, and it is difficult to obtain nanocrystalline Co3O4. Co3O4 powder was prepared by a hydrothermal process, and the reaction conditions were optimized to provide good electrochemical properties. The effect of various reaction conditions and heat treatment on the structure and electrochemical properties of Co3O4 powder was studied. The charge-discharge tests were carried out using an automatic galvanostatic charge-discharge unit, WBCS3000 battery cycler, between 0.001 and 2.5 V at a current density of 0.1 C
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