Abstract
A biomaterial was created for hard tissue implanted scaffolds as a translational therapeutic approach. The existing biomaterials containing titanium dioxide filler posed a risk of oxygen gas vacancy. This will block the canaliculars, leading to a limit on the nutrient fluid supply. To overcome this problem, low brass was used as an alternative filler to eliminate the gas vacancy. Low brass with composition percentages of 0%, 2%, 5%, 15%, and 30% was filled into the polyester urethane liquidusing the metallic filler polymer reinforced method. The structural characterizations of the low brass filler biomaterial were investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results showed the surface membrane strength was higher than the side and cross-section. The composition shapes found were hexagon for polyester urethane and peanut for low brass. Low brass stabilised polyester urethane in biomaterials by the formation of two 5-ringed tetrahedral crystal structures. The average pore diameter was 308.9 nm, which is suitable for articular cartilage cells. The pore distribution was quite dispersed, and its curve had a linear relationship between area and diameter, suggestive of the sphere-shaped pores. The average porosities were different between using FESEM results of 6.04% and the calculated result of 3.28%. In conclusion, this biomaterial had a higher surface membrane strength and rather homogeneous dispersed pore structures.
Highlights
There is a necessity to create a biomaterial [1] for hard tissue [2] implanted scaffold applications [3] to reduce the global burden of bone disease and fractures [4]
The harder the filler biomaterial, the less it will aid in the prevention of neo-cartilage tissue ruptures [17]
The oxygen gas problem in titanium dioxide has not been solved yet. This oxygen gas was escaped from titanium oxide [19], which posed which posed a risk of blocking the canaliculars of articular cartilage tissue [20]
Summary
There is a necessity to create a biomaterial [1] for hard tissue [2] implanted scaffold applications [3] to reduce the global burden of bone disease and fractures [4]. The oxygen gas problem in titanium dioxide has not been solved yet This oxygen gas was escaped from titanium oxide [19], which posed which posed a risk of blocking the canaliculars of articular cartilage tissue [20]. Liculars closed the capillary flow of nutrient fluid supply, which led to serious health prob‐ laemrissk[2o2f].blocking the canaliculars of articular cartilage tissue [20]. This phenomenon of nutrieTnhteflreufiodrefl,otwhiswsatus dstyopaipmededbytoorxeypglaencegtahseintittahneiucamnadliiocuxildare, lfeilaledrinwgittho tthhee tleorwmbinraatsison foiflltehreinDobnionmanatOersimalo. Low brass was 80Cu20Zn grade (NovaScientific, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia) with a 40 μm grain diameter and 8.6 gcm−3 special gravity density
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