STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONAL INSIGHTS INTO TSP-4: IMPLICATIONS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH

Abstract

Thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4) is a multidomain protein with unique functions within the thrombospondin family. It plays a works in tissue repair, cell-to-matrix conveying, and various physiological processes. TSP-4 differs structurally from other family members and is associated with a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), A387P, linked to cardiovascular disorders. Its functions include tissue remodeling, regeneration, proliferation, adhesion, migration, angiogenesis, inflammation, and adipogenesis. The A387PSNPin TSP-4 increases the risk of these cardiovascular conditions and affects angiogenesis, inflammation, and adipogenesis. TSP-4 has clinical applications as a marker for various tissues and pathological disorders. Its expression levels differentiate cell origins, making it a biomarker for articular cartilage, tendon progenitor cells, and more. In heart-related conditions, TSP-4 serves as a marker for cardiac overload and coronary artery disease. Additionally, TSP-4 expression is associated with osteoarthritis severity, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for this condition. Overall, understanding TSP-4's diverse functions and its role in cardiovascular pathology provides insights into its clinical relevance and diagnostic potential, making it a promising target for further research and therapeutic interventions.