Abstract
Cellulose I is not completely saccharified to glucose at a low cellulase concentration. In this study, sugarcane cellulose saccharification residues were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy images indicated that the cellulose microfibrils became shorter in the early stages of saccharification and gradually became narrower. The degree of polymerization also decreased in the early stages of saccharification. Cellulose saccharification residues were deuterated by immersing them in deuterium oxide. Infra-red spectra of the deuterated residues indicated that the deuterated hydroxyl group ratio decreased as saccharification progressed. This indicated that cellulose microfibrils were hydrolyzed in their hydrophobic planes by cellulase as if the surfaces were scraped. The increase of hydrophobic planes caused microfibril aggregation, poor accessibility of cellulase to the microfibrils, and a low saccharification rate.
Highlights
Sugarcane has been cultivated to produce sugar for a long time
Enzymatic hydrolysis It has previously been found that cellulose is not completely enzymatically hydrolyzed at low cellulase concentration [1]
The saccharification rate had reached a maximum at 142 h, as shown in Fig. 2, so it was reasonable to use the residue after 142 h of saccharification as a substitute for the residue after 196 h of saccharification
Summary
Increasing amount of sugarcanes has been used to produce bioethanol over the past few decades. Producing bioethanol from cellulose economically requires saccharification to be achieved using the smallest possible amount of enzymes. Cellulose I (native cellulose) is not completely saccharified to glucose at a low cellulase concentration [1]. It has been suggested in numerous studies that the low saccharification rate is caused by the non-specific adsorption of enzymes to substrates (making the enzymes inactive) [2,3,4,5], enzyme deactivation through other processes [6], inhibition caused by the products [7], and the effects of certain cellulose characteristics. It has been suggested that the problem of low saccharification rates may be related to using substrates with high hemicellulose contents, high lignin contents, and certain surface pore sizes [2], but the saccharification rate is low at a low cellulase concentration even for pure cellulose I
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