Abstract
The microstructural changes in high-energy electron-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride−trifluoroethylene) 68/32 mol % copolymer have been studied by X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The macroscopic polarization response in these materials was investigated by examining the dielectric and polarization behavior in a broad temperature and frequency range. It was found that besides reducing crystallinity in the copolymer film, irradiation produces significant changes in the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition behavior. The irradiation leads to a reduction in the polar domain size to below a critical size (a few nanometers), resulting in the instability of the macroscopic ferroelectric state and transforming the structure of the crystalline region in the copolymer from a polar all-trans ferroelectric to a nonpolar state represented by a trans−gauche conformation. However, a reentrant polarization hysteresis was observed in the copolymers irradiated with hi...
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