Structural basis for recognition of centromere histone variant CenH3 by the chaperone Scm3

Abstract

The centromere is a unique chromosomal locus that ensures accurate segregation of chromosomes during cell division by directing the assembly of a multiprotein complex, the kinetochore. The centromere is marked by a conserved variant of conventional histone H3 termed CenH3 or CENP‐A. A conserved motif of CenH3 called CATD is necessary and sufficient for specifying centromere functions of CenH3. The structural basis of this specification is of outstanding interest. Yeast Scm3 and human HJURP are conserved nonhistone proteins that are required for the deposition of CenH3 at centromeres in vivo. Here we have elucidated the structural basis for recognition of budding yeast CenH3 (Cse4) by Scm3. We solved the structure of the Cse4‐binding domain (CBD) of Scm3 complexed with Cse4 and H4 in a single chain model. An α‐helix and an irregular loop at the conserved N‐terminus and a shorter α‐helix at the C‐terminus of Scm3‐CBD wraps around the Cse4‐H4 dimer. Four Cse4‐specific residues in the N‐terminal region of helix 2 are sufficient for specific recognition by conserved and functionally important residues in the N‐terminal helix of Scm3 through formation of a hydrophobic cluster. Scm3‐CBD induces major conformational changes and sterically occludes DNA binding sites in the structure of Cse4 and H4. These findings have implications for the assembly and architecture of the centromeric nucleosome.