Abstract
A series of silicate–phosphate glass materials from the SiO2-P2O5-K2O-MgO system (pure and doped with sulfur ions) were synthesized by melting raw material mixtures that contained activated carbon as a reducer. The bulk composition of glass was confirmed with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The homogeneity of the glass was confirmed through elemental mapping at the microstructural level with scanning electron microscopy combined with an analysis of the microregions with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The structural and optical properties of the glass were studied by using spectroscopic techniques. The infrared spectroscopy studies that were conducted showed that the addition of sulfur caused changes in the silicate–phosphate networks, as they became more polymerized, which was likely related to the accumulation of potassium near the sulfur ions. By using irradiation with an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) nanosecond laser system operating at the second harmonic wavelength, the glass samples emitted a wide spectrum of luminescence, peaking at about 700 nm when excited by UV light (210–280 nm). The influence of the glass composition and the laser-processing parameters on the emission characteristics is presented and discussed. This work also referred to the density, molar volume, and theoretical optical basicity of pure and sulfur-doped glass.
Highlights
The element sulfur is characteristically heterovalent, exhibits a great range of oxidation states (−2 to +6), and forms chemical bonds with both more electropositive and more electronegative elements
A combined structural and optical study of a series of pure and sulfur-doped silicate– phosphate glass samples with varying SiO2/P2O5 content was reported in this paper
The addition of sulfur increased the abilities of glass samples with higher amounts of P2O5 to form
Summary
The element sulfur is characteristically heterovalent, exhibits a great range of oxidation states (−2 to +6), and forms chemical bonds with both more electropositive and more electronegative elements. Sulfur behaves as an anion, forming bonds directly with metal cations, whereas under oxidizing conditions, it forms anions with oxygen [1]. According to the literature [4,5], sulfur is predominantly dissolved in glass as SO42− and S2−. Sulfur is one of the elements whose different valence states correlate directly with different coordination environments [6]. The degree of oxidation of sulfur has a significant effect on the processes of melting, formation, and clarification, as well as on the glass structure and properties of the final product, i.e., the viscosity, mechanical properties, and optical properties (light transmittance and color) [7]
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