Abstract
In this study, the high energy mechanical milling was utilized to the production of duplex stainless steel powders from the recycling chips with and without the addition niobium carbide. The effect of milling time and addition carbide on the morphology, particle size and magnetic properties of the powders was investigated. The utilization of the powder metallurgy constitute an important alternative for the reuse of waste in the industrial sector. The milling was realized using a planetary ball mill for 20 hours at a milling speed of 350 rpm and ball-to-powder weight ratio of 15:1were used, and the (0% and 3 wt. %) niobium carbide (NbC) addition. Scanning electron microscopy and particle distribution analysis were used for characterization of morphology and measure of particle size. Also, to analyze the transformations of phases were investigated using the magnetic characterization and x-ray diffraction. The results indicated that the addition of niobium carbide results in the reduction of the particle size of steel of the order of 20%, besides the reduces the transformation of austenite into strain induced martensitic phase.
Highlights
The utilization of stainless steel has been increased extensively in various fields in the past few decades[1]
The increase in energy costs and raw materials used in the manufacturing processes, which have been verified in recent years, have led the researchers to develop new methods of obtaining these materials, an alternative is to reuse machining chips as raw material to manufacture new components mechanics[5,6]
It can be seen that the steel chips UNS S31803 processed by machining present a mean size of 2000 μm, and regions of surface plastic deformation originated by the machining tool
Summary
The utilization of stainless steel has been increased extensively in various fields in the past few decades[1]. Duplex stainless steels (DSS) are characterized by a biphasic structure, constituting an approximate equal amount of ferrite (α) and austenite (γ). A cleaner production of the reuse of materials is the use of powder metallurgy processes that offer advantages in relation to the conventional process, such as in the production of small parts of complicated shapes, generally of motors and gears[7]. This option becomes an advantageous technique, since 95% of the machined metal chips can be recovered[8]
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