Structural and kinetic modification of aqueous hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) induced by electron beam irradiation

Abstract

Aqueous solutions of 10 and 20 wt% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) were irradiated with different doses to make gel films. The gel fraction of the film increased sharply above a critical dose upon increase of the dose and then decreased gradually after passing a maximum. The scission/cross-linking ratio and the critical dose were determined with the aid of Charlesby–Rosiak equation as 0.52 and 9 kGy for the 10 wt% gel and 0.43 and 14 kGy for the 20 wt% gel, respectively. The gel fraction for the 20 wt% HPMC film was lower at low dose and higher at high dose than that for the 10 wt% film. The behavior of the swelling ratio of the gel film was just opposite to that of the gel fraction. The cross-linking density of the gel estimated from the Flory theory increased linearly with the irradiation dose at low dose, passed through a maximum around 100 and 160 kGy for 10% and 20% films, respectively, and decreased at high dose. These results suggest a competition of scission and cross-linking induced by the indirect effect of irradiation. Dielectric-relaxation measurements by time-domain reflectometry and RF impedance/material analyzer revealed two characteristic relaxations of chain motions around 100 MHz and of orientation of free water around 20 GHz. From the dose dependence of the dielectric-relaxation parameters determined by fitting to a combined equation of the Cole–Cole type and of the KWW type, a coupling of motions of HPMC molecules and water molecules was strongly suggested. The critical dose for gelation was coincident with the dose for the maximum of τ h and the minimum of Δ ε h together with the minimum of τ m and the maximum of Δ ε m , where τ h and Δ ε h denote the relaxation time and the relaxation strength for water molecular motion and τ m and Δ ε m the corresponding ones for HPMC molecular motion. The characteristic behavior is discussed in terms of an increase of the affinity between HPMC and water and the constrained molecular motion in the gel network.