STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE THYMUS OF RATS WITH ALLOXAN DIABETES AT DIFFERENT METHODS OF TREATMENT OF DEEP PURULENT WOUNDS OF THE LOWER LIMBS

Abstract

The treatment of purulent wounds in patients with diabetes mellitus is a difficult and urgent problem of the modern medicine. The disruption of the immune status is one of the pathogenetic links of the cascade of pathological processes with purulent wounds in patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study is to revealing the features of the morphological and functional reorganization of the thymus in various methods of the treatment of purulent wounds against the background of alloxan diabetes under experimental conditions. The therapeutic efficacy of the drug miliacylum and EHF-therapy was studied in 128 white outbred albino rats to whom simulated the wound process of the hind limbs against the background of alloxan diabetes. In 32 rats of the main group, miliacylum and EHF-therapy were used in the local treatment of wounds. In 32 animals of the first control group, wounds were not treated. Wounds in 32 rats of the second control group were treated with miliacylum. In 32 animals of the third control group, EHF-therapy was used in the treatment of wounds. We were conducted histological and immune-cytochemical studies of the thymus in animals of all groups on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of treatment. The terms of the healing of purulent wounds in animals against the background of alloxan diabetes, in the main group were 11.91 ± 0.28 days, which is statistically significantly shorter than the terms in animals that were treated only with miliacylum (13.88 ± 0.26 days), and in animals who were not treated or used only EHF-therapy (more than 28 days). In the analysis of a series of histological preparations of the thymus, an atrophy of the thymus parenchyma (of the cortex and of the medullary substance) was found, in combination with hyperplasia of the interlobar perivascular spaces with a simultaneous increase in the proportion of adipose tissue. However, the phenomenon of accidental involution was less pronounced in animals of the main group than in rats of the control groups. Treatment of purulent wounds with miliacylum and EHF-therapy provides not only optimization of reparative processes in the wound area, but also limits the involution of the thymus gland and, thus, prevents disturbances in the central organ of immunogenesis.