Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV), member of genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae, have a non-segmented, single-stranded RNA that contains seven genes: (a) nucleoprotein (NP), (b) viral protein 35 (VP35), (c) VP40, (d) glycoprotein (GP), (e) VP30, (f) VP24, and (g) RNA polymerase (L). All genes encode for one protein each except GP, producing three pre-proteins due to the transcriptional editing. These pre-proteins are translated into four products, namely: (a) soluble secreted glycoprotein (sGP), (b) Δ-peptide, (c) full-length transmembrane spike glycoprotein (GP), and (d) soluble small secreted glycoprotein (ssGP). Further, shed GP is released from infected cells due to cleavage of GP by tumor necrosis factor α-converting enzyme (TACE). This review presents a detailed discussion on various functional aspects of all EBOV proteins and their residues. An introduction to ebolaviruses and their life cycle is also provided for clarity of the available analysis. We believe that this review will help understand the roles played by different EBOV proteins in the pathogenesis of the disease. It will help in targeting significant protein residues for therapeutic and multi-protein/peptide vaccine development.
Highlights
The genus Ebolavirus belongs to the family Filoviridae and consists of six identified species
This review summarizes data on aa residues of Ebola virus (EBOV) proteins involved in essential functions, such as viral entry, host immune evasion, replication, transcription, and budding
A cross-reactive, multi-protein/peptide vaccine candidate developed by utilizing the information presented in this review could help curb various characteristic Ebola virus disease (EVD) symptoms and affect different stages of the EVD life cycle
Summary
The genus Ebolavirus belongs to the family Filoviridae and consists of six identified species. On 19 December 2019, the Ervebo vaccine, based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing EBOV GP, received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first licensed vaccine against EBOV [22,23]. Multiple obstacles, such as high frequency side effects, difficulties to manufacture, high cost, low immunogenicity, and lack of a global outreach, interfere with efficacy of EBOV outbreak control [24,25]. This review will identify therapeutic and multi-protein/peptide vaccine development targets by understanding viral proteins’ role in the replication cycle
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