Abstract
The article discusses the possibility of studying the psychological aspects of loneliness in the context of problems of personality adaptation and the risks of adaptive chokes. Loneliness is the result of a low level of adaptation or the result of disadaptation processes. Personality is considered functionally as a means of adaptation primarily to the social environment. The basic components of the personality structure arealso considered functionally as tools for adaptation. The socio-psychological version of the personality structure is taken as the basis, which includes social roles, selfconcept, and personality orientation in their interrelationship. The experience of loneliness is associated with adaptive dysfunctions of individual components of the personality. The risks that are carried by a social role as a possible factor in the complication of relations or the emergence of acute conflicts with surrounding people and personalities themselves and, as a consequence, the experience of a feeling of loneliness, are considered. Dysfunctions of the self-concept are associated with crises or identity deformation, self-esteem deformation, contradictions, the discrepancybetween external, public self, and inner self. Orientation as the main vector of personality activity is considered as an important factor of adaptation, harmonization of relationships with the social world. Difficulties in this area, difficulties in working out a life programme, its correction, or radical changes under the influence of lifeexperience also carry risks of disadaptation and psychological loneliness. For a certain period of time, the purposeful activity of the individual can be blocked, which is a serious psychological problem and a destructive factor of social alienation and self-alienation. Dysfunctions of one of the components of the personality structure will not create radical problems if they are not observed in other components of the personality structure. The greatest risks of social isolation and loneliness are associated with the destabilisation of the structure of the individual as a whole. This leads to a full-scale disorder of the person with the surrounding world and himself/herself, which guarantees disadaptation and intense experiences of loneliness.
 Keywords: psychological loneliness, adaptation and disadaptation of personality, socio-psychological structure of personality, social roles, self-concept, personality orientation, dysfunctions in personality structure.
Highlights
The problem of psychological loneliness is becoming one of the acute problems of modern Russian society
Intrapersonal and existential isolation explains: ‘Individuals are often isolated from others or from parts of themselves but at the heart of these separations an even deeper situation associated with the very existence lies, i.e. the isolation that persists in the most satisfactory communication with other individuals, with excellent knowledge of themselves and integration
Since loneliness is a social and psychological problem by nature, it is most fruitful to use the socio-psychological version of the personality structure to understand the structural and functional sources of loneliness
Summary
The problem of psychological loneliness is becoming one of the acute problems of modern Russian society. The inclusion of metropolitans in a rather complex communication network does not save them from psychological loneliness and often exacerbates this kind of experience. In this regard, loneliness cannot be reduced to physical or social isolation. Existential isolation is associated with a gap between themselves and others over which there are no bridges It denotes an even more fundamental isolation, and it is the separation between the individual and the world’ [14, 400]. Self-consciousness, our self are the most important factors and the results of the development of personality, but at the same time separate us from other people creating barriers to full mutual understanding. By loneliness, we pay for progress in our individual and personal development
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