Structural and functional analysis of the human IgG-Fab receptor activity of streptococcal protein G

Abstract

Streptococcal protein G (SPG) shows specific binding activity to IgGs and serum albumins from various species. In order to investigate the structural domains of SPG responsible for the specific interaction with human IgG-Fab, the binding characteristics of a collection of recombinant receptors were analysed. The study includes receptors comprising different parts of the SPG molecule as well as chimeric receptors containing IgG-binding domains of staphylococcal protein A (SPA) fused to the N-terminal AB-region of SPG, which has been claimed to interact with human IgG-Fab. Purified defined gene products were allowed to compete for the binding to human IgG, human IgG-F(ab') 2 fragments and human serum albumin (HSA) in several sets of competitive binding experiments. The results demonstrate that the C-terminal C domains have both IgG-Fc- and IgG-Fab-binding capacities, whereas the N-terminal AB region is responsible for the HSA-binding only. These results, which are in conflict with previous work, demonstrate that the binding to both the IgG-Fc and the IgG-Fab region is mediated by the same structurally distinct receptor region of SPG.