Abstract
Pumping equipment is one of the main systems of water supply and sewerage, where centrifugal pumps are mostly used due to the simple design and the optimal interval of the parameters of flow and pressure. The paper considers the development of a centrifugal pump from the point of view of system analysis, since this approach considers any technical object as a complex of interacting elements having the properties that are not reduced to the properties of individual elements designed to perform certain useful functions. The aim of the paper is to find patterns of development of the centrifugal pump as a technical system to predict its further evolution. Domestic and foreign patent fund of Class F 04 D in the amount of 724 units was used as the main source. In the paper, the device of the centrifugal pump as a technical system is divided into the following main structural subsystems: impeller blades, impeller disks; housing; pressure pipe and suction pipe. Each of these elements has its main useful function and a number of auxiliaries, which are discussed in detail. It is established that an increase in the degree of control of the centrifugal pump can be achieved by dynamization of transmission, specifically, the regulation of the revolutions transmitted from the engine to the impeller mechanically, with the help of fluid coupling and frequency converters.
Highlights
The invention of the centrifugal pump goes back to the XVII century
The structure of any technical system is a collection of elements and the relationships between them, which are determined by the physical principle of the implementation of the desired useful functions
One of the mechanisms of such control is the dynamic modification of technical systems [2]
Summary
Due to the lack of high-speed engines, these devices could not compete with piston ones, being inferior to them in all operational parameters. The classical form of the impeller of a radial type inherent in modern centrifugal pumps was used in 1818 in Boston in the so-called "Massachusetts pump". At that time, it concerned a spiral pump with a semi-open impeller and straight radial blades. Based on his experience, in 1850, industrialist J. Gwynne brought to the UK market the first patented double spiral pump with closed impeller and curved blades, which received the most widespread use
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