Structural and Electrochemical Study of Hierarchical LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

In this study, a facile nanoetching-template route is developed to synthesize porous nanomicrohierarchical LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 microspheres with diameters below 1.5 μm, using porous CoMnO3 binary oxide microspheres as the template. The unique morphology of CoMnO3 template originates from the contraction effect during the oxidative decomposition of Ca0.2Mn0.4Co0.4CO3 precursors and is further improved by selectively removing calcium carbonate with a nanoetching process after calcination. The as-synthesized LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 microsphere, composed of numerous primary particles and pores with size of dozens of nanometers, illustrates a well-assembled porous nanomicrohierarchical structure. When used as the cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, the as-synthesized microspheres exhibit remarkably enhanced electrochemical performances with higher capacity, excellent cycling stability, and better rate capability, compared with the bulk counterpart. Specifically, hierarchical LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 achieves a high discharge capacity of 159.6 mA h g(-1) at 0.2 C with 98.7% capacity retention after 75 cycles and 133.2 mA h g(-1) at 1 C with 90% capacity retention after 100 cycles. A high discharge capacity of 135.5 mA h g(-1) even at a high current of 750 mA g(-1) (5 C) is also achieved. The nanoetching-template method can provide a general approach to improve cycling stability and rate capability of high capacity cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.