Abstract
Barium titanate (BaTiO3 ) and Neodymium (Nd) doped BaTiO3 with composition Ba0.995 Nd0.005 TiO3 were prepared using conventional solid state reaction method to study the dielectric properties of materials. Pure phase samples were found at final heating temperature of 1400°C for overnight. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the changes in the lattice parameter and unit cell volume of the pure perovskite tetragonal structure with space group (P4mm ). Electrical analysis is carried out to investigate the dielectric properties, conductivity behaviour and dielectric loss of BaTiO3 and Ba0.995 Nd0.005 TiO3 . Ba0.995 Nd0.005 TiO3 have a broaden dielectric peaks with high permittivity of 8000 and reasonably low loss tan δ which is about 0.004 (1 kHz).
Highlights
Dielectric ceramics are widely used in advance microelectronics technologies such as capacitor and microwave communication [1]
A high dielectric constant ceramic had received a lot of attention in reducing the size of the microelectronics circuits where high permittivity and low dielectric loss are required for many electronics application
In previous work reported by Shaikh & Vest [2], BaTiO3 structure are very sensitive to the doping level and will change the electrical behaviour of pure BaTiO3
Summary
Dielectric ceramics are widely used in advance microelectronics technologies such as capacitor and microwave communication [1]. A high dielectric constant ceramic had received a lot of attention in reducing the size of the microelectronics circuits where high permittivity and low dielectric loss are required for many electronics application. BaTiO3 composition modified by doping have been extensively studied for high dielectric materials applications. In previous work reported by Shaikh & Vest [2], BaTiO3 structure are very sensitive to the doping level and will change the electrical behaviour of pure BaTiO3. Neodymium (Nd) doped BaTiO3 was previously studied by other researcher, in this study, we present a simple study about the physical behaviour and electrical behaviour change by small amount of Nd doping to the A-site perovskite of BaTiO3. The trivalent Nd is very interesting to study because it previously reported that small amount of Nd will exhibit a PTCR effect and change the electrical behaviour from insulating to semiconducting [5]. In term of structure, the radius of Nd3+ (1.27Å) is very close to the radius of Ba2+ (1.61Å) and small size of Ti4+ (0.605.Å) at the center
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