Abstract
Abstract An electron-microscopy investigation was performed on BaTiO 3 nanorods that were processed by sol–gel electrophoretic deposition (EPD) into anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membranes. The BaTiO 3 nanorods grown within the template membranes had diameters ranging from 150 to 200 nm, with an average length of 10–50 μm. By using various electron-microscopy techniques we showed that the processed BaTiO 3 nanorods were homogeneous in their chemical composition. The BaTiO 3 nanorods were always polycrystalline and were composed of well-crystallized, defect-free, pseudo-cubic BaTiO 3 grains, ranging from 10 to 30 nm. No intergranular phases were observed between the BaTiO 3 grains. A low-temperature hexagonal polymorph that is coherently intergrown with the BaTiO 3 perovskite matrix was also observed as a minor phase. When annealing the AAO templates containing the BaTiO 3 sol in an oxygen atmosphere the presence of the hexagonal polymorph was diminished.
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