Structural and biochemical examination of ghosts derived from a deep rough (heptose-deficient lipopolysaccharide) strain and a smooth strain of Escherichia coli

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Outer membrane derived 'ghosts' can be readily generated from both smooth and deep rough (heptose-deficient LPS) strains of Escherichia coli 08. MORPHOlogical and biochemical studies confirmed that 'ghosts' of both strains are composed of protein (four major proteins), LPS, and phospholipid (cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine) in the form of a single membrane of roughly the same shape as intact normal cells. The ghost membrane cleaves only slightly in freeze-etch preparations of ghosts derived from the smooth strain as compared to the extensive cleavage plane of ghosts derived from the rough strain. The asymmetrical distribution of ghost proteins was visualized, by critical point drying and shadowing with platinum, as a relatively smooth outer surface with some discernible particles (10-15 nm) and an extremely particulate inner surface (10-15-mm particles. Ghosts derived from the smooth strain retained their structure following chloroform-methanol extraction, while ghosts derived from the rough strain fragmented with chloroform-methanol extraction. Evidence is presented that LPS-protein interactions as well as protein-protein interactions are significant in maintaining the ghost structure.