Abstract
Structural analysis of behavioral freedom in free‐ranging and captive chimpanzees
Highlights
Behavioral freedom, defined operationally here as the extent of choice and behavioral change for coping with challenges over time and space in daily life (Broom, 2001), is the subject of considerable debate over conflict between humans and non-human animals in captivity as an animal-welfare issue (Broom, 2011; Hosey, Melfi, & Pankhurst, 2009)
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to develop a scalable index for behavioral freedom
The difference between the day and time-of-day ranges under standardized observation highlighted a distinctive difference between wild and captive environments: the former allows for multiple core areas, while the latter typically contains only one
Summary
Behavioral freedom, defined operationally here as the extent of choice and behavioral change for coping with challenges over time and space in daily life (Broom, 2001), is the subject of considerable debate over conflict between humans and non-human animals (hereafter “animals”) in captivity as an animal-welfare issue (Broom, 2011; Hosey, Melfi, & Pankhurst, 2009). Wild animals compete for space, food, and various other resources with humans over different spatiotemporal scales Linear infrastructures such as highways, power lines, and gas lines have created habitat fragmentation and loss (Crooks et al., 2017). Exploring the behavioral freedom of wild animals in captivity could offer in-depth insights into their behavior and potentially increase their rehabilitation and reintroduction; only few studies have been conducted on this subject. Animals restrict their movement to specific areas that are much smaller than one might expect from its observed mobility, some animals can migrate for thousands of kilometers (Börger, Dalziel, & Fryxell, 2008; White & Garrot, 1990). The comparison was expected to illuminate differences in behavioral freedom (as represented by ranging patterns) between free-ranging and captive conditions
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