Abstract
In the search of a new biomaterial for the treatment of bone defects resulting from traumatic events, an osteoporosis scenario with bone fractures, tumor removal, congenital pathologies or implant revisions for infection, we developed 3D scaffolds based on mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) (85 − x)SiO2–5P2O5–10CaO–xSrO (x = 0, 2.5 and 5 mol.%). The scaffolds with meso-macroporosity were fabricated by pouring a suspension of MBG powders in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) into a negative template of polylactic acid (PLA), followed by removal of the template by extraction at low temperature. SrO-containing MBGs exhibited excellent properties for bone substitution including ordered mesoporous structure, high textural properties, quick in vitro bioactive response in simulated body fluid (SBF) and the ability of releasing concentrations of strontium ions able to stimulate expression of early markers of osteoblastic differentiation. Moreover, the direct contact of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells with the scaffolds confirmed the cytocompatibility of the three compositions investigated. Nevertheless, the scaffold containing 2.5% of SrO induced the best cellular proliferation showing the potential of this scaffold as a candidate to be further investigated in vitro and in vivo, aiming to be clinically used for bone regeneration applications in non-load bearing sites.
Highlights
In the case of serious injury, bone tissue is not able to regenerate such damage, and a bone graft is required
The strontium content proportionally increased from 2.5Sr-mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) to 5Sr-MBG. as shown in the inset spectra of Figure 1 and in Table 2 that includes the atomic percentages of each element obtained by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)
MBGs exhibited in vitro bioactivity because they were coated by an apatite-like layer after 8 h (0Sr-MBG), 24 h (2.5Sr-MBG) and 72 h (5Sr-MBG) in simulated body fluid (SBF)
Summary
In the case of serious injury, bone tissue is not able to regenerate such damage, and a bone graft is required. The gold standard is bone autograft since it gathers all properties needed in all bone-grafting materials such as osteoinduction, osteogenesis and osteoconduction [1,2]. Due to the economic cost and poor availability of tissues for bone grafting, several artificial biomaterials have been developed to replace autografts, many of them being bioceramics [5]. In this family of compounds, mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBG) of the SiO2 –CaO–P2 O5 system represent a group widely proposed as optimum candidates for bone substitution because the inductive effect of. MBGs exhibit high surface area and pore volume that enhance the in vitro bioactive response [7,8] and enable promoting the proliferation
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