Strontium Isotope Systematics of Tenerife Wines (Canary Islands): Tracing Provenance in Ocean Island Terroir

Beverley C Coldwell,Gladys V Melián Rodriguez,Pedro A Hernández,María Asensio-Ramos,Matthew J Pankhurst,Nemesio M Pérez,José Francisco Santos,Maria Cordero Vaca,Eleazar Padrón,Sara Ribeiro

doi:10.3390/beverages8010009

Beverley C Coldwell, Gladys V Melián Rodriguez + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages8010009

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Abstract

The production of fraudulent goods remains widespread and economically damaging. The high value of the wine industry makes it particularly vulnerable, and a number of geochemical methods have been developed to ensure traceability and identification of origin. Here, strontium (Sr) isotope data on wines from five defined regions in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) show that the young volcanic geology imparts a clearly identifiable low 87Sr/86Sr signature (<0.7072). These values discriminate Tenerife wines from mainland Spanish and continental European produce, as these are much more radiogenic in general. However, unlike continental wine regions, wines from Tenerife show small but ubiquitous enrichments in 87Sr/86Sr above what is expected in the soils. Bentonite addition has not affected the 87Sr/86Sr signatures, with white wines at lower Sr concentrations than red wines in all regions. A number of natural contributions to the terroir are evaluated in relation to Tenerife’s unique combination of geology and geography. Atmospheric precipitation (rainfall) is likely a dominant influence on Sr isotope systematics in northern Denominación de Origen regions, and evaporation may play a role in buffering signatures in southern regions. Other natural additions of 87Sr are not precluded at a local scale, given the large range in climatic conditions of island terroir and known input of mineral dust from Africa. Despite natural explanations affecting the overall small shift observed, there are clear outliers with considerably higher 87Sr/86Sr and Sr concentration. This confirms the utility of Sr isotope systematics for oceanic-island viticulture and demonstrates the use of young volcanic soils for tracing natural inputs that may be masked in other regions.

Highlights

The traceability and authenticity of the highest quality agricultural products in Spain is important, as fraudulent goods are widespread, e.g., wine, cheese, olive oil, honey, tomatoes, cacao, meat, etc
The application of a Denominación de Origen (DO) label allows for regional characterisation of specialised agricultural products and a framework for geographic traceability methods
The minimum Sr concentration is similar in wines from across the five DO regions of Tenerife (~500 ppb) and in the collective DO Tenerife and VC Canarias denominations

Summary

Introduction

The traceability and authenticity of the highest quality agricultural products in Spain is important, as fraudulent goods are widespread, e.g., wine, cheese, olive oil, honey, tomatoes, cacao, meat, etc. Strict regulations are in place, both at the European level (Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013) and at the country level (e.g., Spain: Real Decreto 774/2014), in order to provide robust regional quality controls. The application of a Denominación de Origen (DO) label allows for regional characterisation of specialised agricultural products and a framework for geographic traceability methods. The provenance of wine holds particular interest because the DO label bestows a level of desirability and influences sale prices. The high value of the wine industry makes it vulnerable to forgery, with the European sector reporting direct losses of 2.3% or ~EUR 531 million in 2016 [3]. Fraudulent wine sales in Spain accounted for ~EUR 90 million of that loss

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