Strontium- and Zinc-Containing Bioactive Glass and Alginates Scaffolds.

Asfia Haider,Natalia Karpukhina,Ahmad Waseem,Sahar Mohsin

doi:10.3390/bioengineering7010010

Asfia Haider, Natalia Karpukhina + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7010010

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Abstract

With an increasingly elderly population, there is a proportionate increase in bone injuries requiring hospitalization. Clinicians are increasingly adopting tissue-engineering methods for treatment due to limitations in the use of autogenous and autologous grafts. The aim of this study was to synthesize a novel, bioactive, porous, mechanically stable bone graft substitute/scaffold. Strontium- and zinc-containing bioactive glasses were synthesized and used with varying amounts of alginate to form scaffolds. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), FTIR, XRD, and NMR techniques were used for the characterization of scaffolds. SEM confirmed the adequate porous structure of the scaffolds required for osteoconductivity. The incorporation of the bioactive glass with alginate has improved the compressive strength of the scaffolds. The bioactivity of the scaffolds was demonstrated by an increase in the pH of the medium after the immersion of the scaffolds in a Tris/HCl buffer and by the formation of orthophosphate precipitate on scaffolds. The scaffolds were able to release calcium, strontium and zinc ions in the Tris/HCl buffer, which would have a positive impact on osteogenesis if tested in vivo.

Highlights

Bone is a complex biomineralized system with an intricate hierarchical structure
3.1.1.TPhaertsiiczleeoSfiztheeApnaarltyicslies of the bioactive glasses was measured and shown in Table 3.The particles smaller than 38 μm were used in the fabrication of scaffolds because smaller particles provide a greatTehr esusirzfeacoef tahreeapaorftibclieoaocfttihvee bgiloaascst,ivperogvlaidssinesgwmaosrme esaitseusrefodraonsdtesohbolwasnt iandThaebslieon3.Tahnedpoasrsteicoluess sfomramllaetriothna[n263]8. μm were used in the fabrication of scaffolds because smaller particles provide a greater surface area of bioactive glass, providing more sites for osteoblast adhesion and osseous formation [26]
The Differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC) results showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the A1 glass fine particles was 521 ◦TCh, eanDdStCherefisrusltts(Tsch1o)wanedd sthecaot nthde(Tgcla2s)scrtryasntasliltiizoantitoenmppeearkatsuwreer(eTga)t o61f 6thaenAd164g8la◦sCs,firneseppeacrttivicelelys°

Summary

Introduction

Bone is a complex biomineralized system with an intricate hierarchical structure. It is a dynamic structure with a unique capability to renew itself through remodelling. Microdamage occurs in our bones because of everyday cyclical activity. It gets repaired in healthy bone, but it may result in a fragility fracture if the repair mechanism is deficient, as in osteoporotic patients. The average yearly number of bone graft surgeries performed worldwide is more than two million, costing $2.5 billion [1,2]. The combined health and social care costs of hip fractures alone in the UK came to an estimated £1 billion in 2017 [3]. Clinicians are increasingly adopting tissue-engineering methods for treatment to avoid the risk of infection, disease transmission, and histocompatibility differences associated with the use of autografts and allografts [4]

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