Abstract
Mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) offer suitable platforms for drug/ion delivery in tissue engineering strategies. The main goal of this study was to prepare strontium (Sr)- and cobalt (Co)-doped MBGs; strontium is currently used in the treatment of osteoporosis, and cobalt is known to exhibit pro-angiogenic effects. Sr- and Co-doped mesoporous glasses were synthesized for the first time in a multicomponent silicate system via the sol–gel method by using P123 as a structure-directing agent. The glassy state of the Sr- and Co-doped materials was confirmed by XRD before immersion in SBF, while an apatite-like layer was detected onto the surface of samples post-immersion. The textural characteristics of MBGs were confirmed by nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements. In vitro experiments including MTT assay, Alizarin red staining, and cell attachment and migration showed the cytocompatibility of all the samples as well as their positive effects on osteoblast-like cell line MG-63. Early experiments with human umbilical vein endothelial cells also suggested the potential of these MBGs in the context of angiogenesis. In conclusion, the prepared materials were bioactive, showed the ability to improve osteoblast cell function in vitro and could be considered as valuable delivery vehicles for therapeutics, like Co2+ and Sr2+ ions.
Highlights
There is a long history of successful applications of bioactive glasses (BGs) in the management of bone-related diseases and disorders, as they could improve osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo [1,2,3,4].The initial types of BGs were synthesized by using a simple melt-quenching method; the high temperatures applied to prepare such glasses are considered a critical limitation when incorporation of biomolecules into BGs is a goal to achieve an improvement in biological outcomes [5,6]
There is a paucity of thermal studies dealing with sol–gel bioactive glasses in the literature and, the multicomponent systems investigated in this work have never been analyzed previously; interpretation of differential thermal analysis (DTA) thermographs is a challenge
Ca-mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) gel revealed a shift of the endothermic peak above 600 ◦ C. This can be attributable both to the higher complexity of the Ca-MBG composition compared to the 45S5 system and to the different heating rate used in the present study for DTA
Summary
There is a long history of successful applications of bioactive glasses (BGs) in the management of bone-related diseases and disorders, as they could improve osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo [1,2,3,4].The initial types of BGs were synthesized by using a simple melt-quenching method; the high temperatures applied to prepare such glasses (typically around 1500 ◦ C) are considered a critical limitation when incorporation of biomolecules into BGs is a goal to achieve an improvement in biological outcomes [5,6]. As a special type of sol–gel glasses, mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) have attracted much attention in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications These biomaterials possess favorable textural (ordered pores with size in the range of 2 to 50 nm) and bioactive characteristics and are being used in a wide range of applications, including hard and soft tissue engineering, drug delivery applications, and cancer therapy [10,11,12]. Their suitability in bone tissue engineering for the treatment of osteoporosis has been convincingly documented in a recent animal study [13]. The effectiveness of dopants in promoting specific biological properties (e.g., osteogenesis and angiogenesis) should be clarified through well-designed experiments to shed light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in
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