Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate high degree of polarization of 13C nuclear spins weakly interacting with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We combine coherent microwave excitation pulses with optical illumination to provide controlled relaxation and achieve a polarity-tunable, fast nuclear polarization of degree higher than 85% at room temperature for remote 13C nuclear spins exhibiting hyperfine interaction strength with NV centers of the order of 600 kHz. We show with the aid of numerical simulation that the anisotropic hyperfine tensor components naturally provide a route to control spin mixing parameter so that highly efficient nuclear polarization is enabled through careful tuning of nuclear quantization axis by external magnetic field. We further discuss spin dynamics and wide applicability of this method to various target 13C nuclear spins around the NV center electron spin. The proposed control method demonstrates an efficient and versatile route to realize, for example, high-fidelity spin register initialization and quantum metrology using nuclear spin resources in solids.
Highlights
Nuclear spins, owing to their extremely long coherence times, have emerged as attractive candidates for solid-state quantum information processing and quantum-sensing applications [1,2,3,4]
In conclusion, we have shown that the ground state spin sector of the NV centers coupled with a nearby 13C nuclear spin has eigenenergy space appropriate for the application of an efficient nuclear spin polarization sequence
Using selective resonant microwave pulses at optimized magnetic field for efficient spin-mixing excitation while using chopped laser pulses providing minimized spin-mixing relaxation, we experimentally demonstrated nuclear polarization, the magnitude and polarity of which can be controlled by the pump frequency
Summary
Nuclear spins, owing to their extremely long coherence times, have emerged as attractive candidates for solid-state quantum information processing and quantum-sensing applications [1,2,3,4]. Among the various physical platforms, nuclear spins interacting with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center electron spins in diamond are of great interest as this spin system provides an unique method for measuring nuclear spin state through the measurement of NV centers’ well-known spin dependent fluorescence and optically detected magnetic resonance [5]. Quantum manipulation using magnetic resonance plays a central role in this field of research [6]; and multi-spin-state initialization is a crucial step to achieve high-fidelity quantum manipulation such as entanglement generation [7] and error correction [8]. For the nuclear spins in diamond, an optically induced dynamic nuclear polarization method at the excited [9] or ground-state level anti-crossing [10] is conventionally used for high-fidelity polarization of the nitrogen nuclear spin inherent to the NV centers. Most of the existing polarization method, are targeted either for moderately or strongly coupled nuclear spins to the NV centers (hyperfine interaction > 2 MHz)
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