Abstract
Motivated by the fact that the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model is one of the most plausible models that can accommodate electroweak baryogenesis, we analyze its phase structure by tracing the temperature dependence of the minima of the effective potential. Our results reveal rich patterns of phase structure that end in the observed electroweak symmetry breaking vacuum. We classify these patterns according to the first transition in their history and show the strong first-order phase transitions that may be possible in each type of pattern. These could allow for the generation of the matter-antimatter asymmetry or potentially observable gravitational waves. For a selection of benchmark points, we checked that the phase transitions completed and calculated the nucleation temperatures. We furthermore present samples that feature strong first-order phase transitions from an extensive scan of the whole parameter space. We highlight common features of our samples, including the fact that the Standard Model like Higgs is often not the lightest Higgs in the model.
Highlights
The Standard Model (SM) has the ingredients to satisfy all three criteria: there is a CP violating phase in the CKM matrix, B is violated through sphalerons which are unsuppressed at high temperature and there could be departures from equilibrium following two phase transitions (PTs) that occur in the SM vacuum as it cools — the electroweak (EW) and the QCD transition
To be consistent with the LHC Higgs measurements and LEP bounds on charginos [7], and to satisfy our strongly FOPT (SFOPT) requirement, we select points with χ2Higgs − min χ2Higgs ≤ 6.18, μeff ≥ 100 GeV and γEW ≥ 1, (5.5)
When there is more than one possible sequence of first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) that leads from the origin at T = 1 TeV to the observed vacuum at T = 0, we show the FOPTs that belong to the sequence that includes the strongest FOPT by black arrows, and PTs that are not part of that history by gray arrows
Summary
Since we want to consider scenarios in which all superpartners are too heavy to impact the PT, we match the NMSSM to a two Higgs doublet model plus a singlet (THDMS), which in this context is an effective field theory of the full NMSSM theory valid below MSUSY.. We match the NMSSM to the THDMS at the scale MSUSY by identifying the tree-level conditions λ1. We stated the potential and matching conditions for λ7, m4 and m5 without loss of generality, we later consider only real, CP conserving parameters. CP violation must enter the Higgs sector through loops, since we only consider the dominant one-loop corrections in the matching, CP violating phases that may appear outside of the Higgs sector do not enter our calculation. We would be forced to consider complex parameters and (as later discussed) PTs involving CP-odd fields. Since we match the NMSSM to a THDMS, our results are applicable to a subspace of the THDMS, which is well-motivated even in the absence of supersymmetry
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