Strong Expression of Cancertestis Antigens CTAG1B and MAGEA3 Is Correlated with Unfavourable Histopathological Features and MAGEA3 Is Associated with Worse Progression-Free Survival in Urothelial Bladder Cancer

Abstract

Background: Cancer/testis antigens (CTA) are expressed in urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). Their therapeutical and prognostic relevance remains unclear. We studied the correlation of MAGEA3 and CTAG1B with histopathological factors in UBC and their prognostic value. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 93 patients who underwent treatment for UBC was conducted. Besides clinical and histopathological parameters, the expression of MAGEA3 and CTAG1B was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Median follow-up was 75 months. Fifteen per cent of patients showed strong positive reaction to MAGEA3 staining. These tumours were statistically and significantly more often correlated with unfavourable World Health Organization (WHO) grading (G1: 0%, G2: 10.3%, G3: 23.4%, p = 0.048; low grade 0%, high grade 18.4%, p = 0.046 respectively). Correlation of CTAG1B with WHO grading was impressive with strong expression in no G1, 31.1% of G2 and 51.1% of G3 tumours (low grade 0%, high grade 43.4%, p = 0.001, respectively). Concomitant carcinoma in situ (Cis) was associated with strong CTAG1B expression (54.2% in concomitant Cis vs. 29% without concomitant Cis, p = 0.026). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed statistically and significantly worse 5 years progression-free survival (PFS) associated with a strong expression of MAGEA3 (59 vs. 84%, p = 0.032). Conclusions: Strong CTA expression was correlated with unfavourable histopathological features. A strong expression of MAGEA3 was statistically and significantly associated with worse PFS across all stages of UBC.