Abstract
We report on an x-ray resonance exchange scattering (XRES) study of multiferroic $\mathrm{Tb}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. Magnetic scattering is observed close to the $\mathrm{Mn}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}K$ edge and the $\mathrm{Tb}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{L}_{III}$ and ${L}_{II}$ edges. Surprisingly, Tb shows XRES also in the paraelectric phase, where neutron diffraction results suggested the $4f$ moments to be disordered. The temperature dependence of the XRES intensities shows a distinct kink close to the ferroelectric transition temperature ${T}_{C}$ for all absorption edges. We were able to model the temperature dependence for all edges, assuming a strong coupling of Mn and Tb magnetism via the spin polarized $5d$ conduction band. We argue that the hybridization between Mn and Tb states is a prerequisite for the multiferroic effect in this material.
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