Abstract
Single-crystalline Cr-doped ${\text{In}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ nanostructures with diverse morphologies including nanotowers, nanowires, and octahedrons are synthesized by using a vapor transport method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that the as-grown samples contain $3\text{ }\text{at}\text{.}\text{ }%$ Cr and are significantly oxygen deficient. The large surface-to-volume ratio in the nanostructures enhances their susceptibility to the postsynthesis treatments; high-temperature annealing in air boosts the oxygen contents in the samples, which is accompanied by a weakened defect-related emission in the photoluminescence spectra. Magnetization measurements on the as-grown and the annealed nanostructures suggest room-temperature ferromagnetism, and importantly the ferromagnetism is stronger in samples with higher oxygen deficiency. Electronic band alterations as a result of the Cr doping and the oxygen vacancies as well as the formation of bound magnetic polarons are suggested to play important roles in stabilizing the long-range ferromagnetism.
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