Abstract
The yearly incidence of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is approximately 5%,1 which is five times higher than in comparable populations in sinus rhythm (SR). The stroke risk largely depends on the underlying heart disease. In 'lone' AF (absence of heart disease) the stroke risk is only 0.5% per year,2 whereas in AF associated with rheumatic valvular heart disease (VHD), like mitral valve stenosis (MVS), it is very high.
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