Abstract
In this work, for the voltammetric determination of lead (Pb) in coastal waters, a novel functional micro-needle electrode based on 3D reduced graphene oxide/flower-like bismuth nanosheets (3DrGO/F-BiNSs) was fabricated. The micro-needle electrode was prepared with the commercial acupuncture needle (ANE) and functionalized with 3DrGO/F-BiNSs through stepwise electrodeposition method. The sensing surface (needle tip) of the micro-needle electrode was first modified with 3DrGO to enhance the conductivity and provide more active sites to combine Bi nanomaterials. Then the F-BiNSs were electrodeposited on the 3DrGO surface to facilitate the electrochemical voltammetric response of Pb2+ due to their excellent combining ability with Pb. The physical and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared 3DrGO/F-BiNSs/ANE were characterized by different techniques including scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electrochemical methods. The 3DrGO/F-BiNSs/ANE exhibited an excellent performance for the voltammetric determination of Pb2+ with the linear range of 40 to 600 nmol L-1 and detection limit of 12.5 nmol L-1. Additionally, the application of the functional micro-needle electrode for Pb determination in different coastal water samples was also investigated.
Highlights
In the past decades, with the development of global economy and industry, much attention has been attracted to the marine environmental pollution problems
The results showed that the 3D reduced graphene oxide (3DrGO)/flower-like Bi nanosheets (F-BiNSs)/acupuncture needle (ANE) fabricated here could be used for the voltammetric determination of Pb2+ in fresh and brackish water samples
This work described a new method for the determination of problems. Lead (Pb) in coastal waters with a cheap and non-toxic functional micro-needle electrode
Summary
With the development of global economy and industry, much attention has been attracted to the marine environmental pollution problems. Lead (Pb), one of the heavy metal ions, is highly toxic to the marine aquatic plants and animals and eventually harmful to the human beings through bioaccumulation (Kazi et al, 2009; Chang et al, 2014). Many techniques have been developed for the determination of heavy metal ions, including. Lead Detection in Coastal Waters atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (Manivannan and Biju, 2011; Zhu et al, 2017). These methods possess various advantages and have been commonly used, the requirement of cumbersome instruments, time-consuming pretreatments, and high cost are the inevitable limitations (Hu et al, 2015; Zhang et al, 2016)
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