Abstract
A microscopic understanding of the strongly correlated physics of the cuprates must account for the translational and rotational symmetry breaking that is present across all cuprate families, commonly in the form of stripes. Here we investigate emergence of stripes in the Hubbard model, a minimal model believed to be relevant to the cuprate superconductors, using determinant quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) simulations at finite temperatures and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) ground state calculations. By varying temperature, doping, and model parameters, we characterize the extent of stripes throughout the phase diagram of the Hubbard model. Our results show that including the often neglected next-nearest-neighbor hopping leads to the absence of spin incommensurability upon electron-doping and nearly half-filled stripes upon hole-doping. The similarities of these findings to experimental results on both electron and hole-doped cuprate families support a unified description across a large portion of the cuprate phase diagram.
Highlights
The lack of an analytic solution to the Hubbard model in twodimensions has led to development of various numerical methods to study its low temperature and ground state properties
The size of each domain is inversely proportional to the hole doping level; and for p ≥ 0.125, multiple sets of antiphase domain walls become visible for this cluster geometry and size. This behavior, qualitatively and quantitatively similar to previous findings for the three-band Hubbard model,[14] demonstrates that stripe behavior at finite temperatures emerges in the Hubbard model through incommensurate spin correlations
We have presented the first unbiased study demonstrating fluctuating spin stripes in the Hubbard model at finite temperatures
Summary
The lack of an analytic solution to the Hubbard model in twodimensions has led to development of various numerical methods to study its low temperature and ground state properties Calculations to benchmark these techniques have revealed that different candidate ground states all lie close in energy,[1,2] with small differences possibly associated with specific aspects of each method. Dynamical cluster approximation and cellular dynamical mean-field theory calculations have not shown evidence for stripes, instead finding a finite temperature transition into a d-wave superconductor.[8–13]. These seemingly different ground states with similar energies reflect a delicate balance, sensitive to the specific nuances and biases of each approach. The fermion sign problem sets a lower bound on the range of temperatures amenable to simulation, we show that fluctuating stripe order is observable at accessible temperatures
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