Abstract
This paper presents a method for developing color-difference models near a threshold, based on the serial exploration method described by Torgerson [Theory and Methods of Scaling; Wiley & Sons (1958); Chap. 7], involving the construction of color-control strips of patches arranged in arrays of 2 × n, where n is the number of pairs in the strip. The patches in the lower row should be calorimetrically identical, while the color of the patches in the upper row should vary progressively in constant steps of CIELAB color difference along selected color space vector directions. Prospective observers are instructed to indicate the patch pair number for which they begin to perceive a slight color difference between corresponding patches. The frequency data obtained from the observers was used to build a threshold color-difference model. The intention was to validate the method with theoretical data to determine the effect of the precision with which the strips are constructed, on the accuracy of the estimated parameters. Theoretical frequency data was generated using the CIE94 color difference formula, whose associated color discrimination ellipsoid parameters are very easy to determine, associated with a hypothetical logistic psychometric curve for different color centers. The proposed method allows to determine color discrimination parameters with a precision nearby 4% and an accuracy of 3% with respect to the simulated theoretical parameters, for color samples generated with a standard deviation of ΔEab∗=0.2 of the superimposed error around the ideal color difference of pairs of patches.
Highlights
The topic of color di erence has been extensively studied
The most commonly used formulas for calculating color di erences in industrial applications are the CIELAB, CMC, CIE94, CIEDE2000, and CAM02 formulas. The majority of these formulas were derived from the datasets obtained through di erent psychometric experiments, in which the observers are asked about their subjective sensation regarding the color di erence between a number of di erent samples and a reference
To accelerate the collection of color-di erence data, an alternative to the grey-scale and pair-comparison methods is proposed in section 2, called Strip-Pair Comparison Method (SCM), which is based on the serial exploration method described by Torgerson [27] for scaling general psychophysical attributes
Summary
The topic of color di erence has been extensively studied. In 1942, MacAdam [1], Brown [2,3], and Wyszecki and Fielder [4] attempted to determine the precision of self-luminous color matching for normal trichromats. In the course of color-di erence research, numerous problems have arisen, such as the significant di erences in the shape, size, and orientation of the ellipsoids [4,11]; poor fitting [22]; di erences in the results depending on the method used [20,23] (grey-scale or pair comparison); and the dependency on the results of the anchor pair used in constant stimuli experiments [24] These issues prompted the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), which maintains color-di erence committees, to repeatedly call for a coordinated e ort by the research community [25,26] and for the submission of color datasets to improve the color-di erence formulas. In part b we verify the correct performance of SCM with theoretical frequency data generated from CIELAB color di erences of the patch pairs in the strips with and without the presence of noise
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