Abstract
The observation of a scalar resonance at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), compatible with perturbative electroweak symmetry breaking, reinforces the Standard Model (SM) parameterisation of all subatomic data. The logarithmic evolution of the SM gauge and matter parameters suggests that this parameterisation remains viable up to the Planck scale, where gravitational effects are of comparable strength. String theory provides a perturbatively consistent scheme to explore how the parameters of the Standard Model may be determined from a theory of quantum gravity. The free fermionic heterotic string models provide concrete examples of exact string solutions that reproduce the spectrum of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Contemporary studies entail the development of methods to classify large classes of models. This led to the discovery of exophobic heterotic-string vacua and the observation of spinor-vector duality, which provides an insight to the global structure of the space of (2,0) heterotic-string vacua. Future directions entail the study of the role of the massive string states in these models and their incorporation in cosmological scenarios. A complementary direction is the formulation of quantum gravity from the principle of manifest phase space duality and the equivalence postulate of quantum mechanics, which suggest that space is compact. The compactness of space, which implies intrinsic regularisation, may be tightly related to the intrinsic finite length scale, implied by string phenomenology.
Highlights
The experimental observation of a scalar resonance by the ATLAS (A Toroidal Large Hadron ColliderApparatus) [1] and CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) [2] experiments of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), compatible with the scalar particle of the Standard Electroweak Model [3], is a pivotal moment in the quest for the unification of the fundamental theories of matter and interactions
A general observation by Wen and Witten [43] and a theorem by Schellekens [44] notes that when a non-Abelian group is broken in string theory by a Wilson line with a left over unbroken U (1) symmetry, it produces states that do not satisfy the U (1) charge quantisation of the unbroken non-Abelian symmetry
With the observation that the agent of electroweak symmetry breaking is compatible with an elementary scalar, particle physics and string phenomenology are set for a bright future
Summary
The experimental observation of a scalar resonance by the ATLAS The Standard Model of particle physics is founded on a causal and renormalisable quantum field theory with local phase invariance under a product of Abelian and non-Abelian gauge symmetries. These symmetry principles encode all the subatomic experimental observations to date. Similar consistency constraints at the quantum level in the case of the superstring and heterotic-string give rise to matter states that are charged under the gauge degrees of freedom and may be identified with the Standard Model matter states. It was demonstrated in some cases that string models with interacting internal conformal field theory (CFT) correspond to string compactification on a Calabi–Yau manifold at specific points in the moduli space [22].
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