Abstract
We perform the large-N expansion in the Schwinger-Keldysh formulation of nonequilibrium quantum systems with matrix degrees of freedom and study universal features of the anticipated dual string theory. We find a rich refinement of the topological genus expansion: In the original formulation, the future time instant where the forward and backward branches of the Schwinger-Keldysh time contour meet is associated with its own world sheet genus expansion. After the Keldysh rotation, the world sheets decompose into a classical and quantum part.
Highlights
We perform the large-N expansion in the Schwinger-Keldysh formulation of nonequilibrium quantum systems with matrix degrees of freedom and study universal features of the anticipated dual string theory
Introduction.—Nonequilibrium many-body systems are of central interest in remarkably many areas of physics, across a vast range of scales: from the microscopic scales of particle physics, to mesoscopic phenomena and condensed matter physics, to the cosmological scales of the cosmic microwave background, and the large-scale structure of the Universe
In the past few decades, the paradigm of string theory has proven to be a powerful generator of novel theoretical concepts that have found their way into remarkably many areas of physics and mathematics, to quantum gravity and particle phenomenology beyond the standard model, and to condensed matter in holographic dualities and AdS=CFT correspondence [1,2] or in helping with the topological classification of new topological states and phases of matter [3]
Summary
We perform the large-N expansion in the Schwinger-Keldysh formulation of nonequilibrium quantum systems with matrix degrees of freedom and study universal features of the anticipated dual string theory. The genus expansion of equilibrium string theory is refined into a sum over triple decompositions of the world sheet topologies.
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