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Abstract
Strigolactones are carotenoid-derived phytohormones that impact plant growth and development in diverse ways. However, the roles of strigolactones in the responses to temperature stresses are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that strigolactone biosynthesis is induced in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) by heat and cold stresses. Compromised strigolactone biosynthesis or signaling negatively affected heat and cold tolerance, while application of the synthetic strigolactone analog GR245DS enhanced heat and cold tolerance. Strigolactone-mediated heat and cold tolerance was associated with the induction of abscisic acid (ABA), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) accumulation, C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR 1 (CBF1) transcription, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Importantly, a deficiency in ABA biosynthesis compromised the GR245DS effects on heat and cold stresses and abolished the GR245DS-induced transcription of HSP70, CBF1, and antioxidant-related genes. These results support that strigolactones positively regulate tomato heat and cold tolerance and that they do so at least partially by the induction of CBFs and HSPs and the antioxidant response in an ABA-dependent manner.
Highlights
Plants encounter stressful conditions that adversely impact growth, metabolism, and productivity throughout their life cycles
Strigolactones accumulate in the roots in response to heat and cold stresses To explore the role of strigolactones under extreme temperatures, a time course of the transcript levels of strigolactone biosynthesis (CCD7, CCD8, and MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 1 (MAX1)) and signaling (MAX2) genes in the roots of wild-type tomato plants was carried out after the whole plants were transferred to hot (42 °C) or cold (4 °C) conditions
Additional experiments showed that transcript levels of strigolactone biosynthesis genes in the leaves were induced in response to heat or cold stress, and the levels were, much lower than those in the roots under optimal growth conditions, and hot and cold conditions (Figs. 1a and S1)
Summary
Plants encounter stressful conditions that adversely impact growth, metabolism, and productivity throughout their life cycles. Extreme high or low temperature, drought, salinity, floods, pollutants, and radiation are the main stress factors that limit the productivity of many crops of economic importance[1]. These stresses disrupt many physiological processes through the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in serious injury to DNA and proteins in plants[2,3]. In addition to the induction of the antioxidant system, plants have evolved other mechanisms to prevent cellular damage in response to temperature stresses[7,8]. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are significantly induced by heat stress to protect cellular proteins against irreversible damage[9]
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