Abstract
AbstractPowering soft embodiments of robots, machines and electronics is a key issue that impacts emerging human friendly forms of technologies. Batteries as energy source enable their untethered operation at high power density but must be rendered elastic to fully comply with (soft) robots and human beings. Current intrinsically stretchable batteries typically show decreased performance when deformed due to design limitations, mainly imposed by the separator material. High quality stretchable separators such as gel electrolytes represent a key component of soft batteries that affects power, internal resistance, and capacity independently of battery chemistry. Here, polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) are introduced as highly ionically conductive separators in stretchable (rechargeable) batteries. Highly porous (>80%) separators result in electrolyte to polyHIPE conductivity ratios of below 2, while maintaining stretchability of ≈50% strain. The high stretchability, tunable porosity, and fast ion transport enable stretchable batteries with internal resistance below 3 Ω and 16.8 mAh cm−2 capacity that power on‐skin processing and communication electronics. The battery/separator architecture is universally applicable to boost battery performance and represents a step towards autonomous operation of conformable electronic skins for healthcare, robotics, and consumers.
Highlights
Powering soft embodiments of robots, machines and electronics is a key issue the body.[3]
Seeking imperceptible human-machine interfaces, we demonstrate an untethered, wearable, and soft electronic controller that wirelessly communicates via Bluetooth with any suitable receiver
PolyHIPE separators are compatible with state-of-the art Li-based electrolytes containing Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), rendering them applicable for chemistries that utilize LiMn2O4-cathode and V2O5-anode compositions,[10] or NMC/graphite-cells using graphite anodes and Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2-cathodes.[53]
Summary
Powering soft embodiments of robots, machines and electronics is a key issue the body.[3]. Polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) are introduced as highly ionically conductive separators in stretchable (rechargeable) batteries.
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