Abstract
BackgroundPlant cell metabolism inevitably forms reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cells or lead to their death. The antioxidant system (AOS) evolved to eliminate a high concentration of ROS. For plants, this system consists of the seven classes of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant compounds. Each enzymatic class contains a various number of genes which may vary from species to species. In such a multi-copy genetic system, the integration of evolutionary characteristics and expression data makes it possible to effectively predict promising breeding targets for the design of highly-yielding cultivars. In the plant cells, ROS production can increase as a result of abiotic stresses. Accordingly, AOS responds to stress by altering the expression of the genes of its components. Expression profiles of AOS enzymes, including their changes under stress, remains incomplete. A comprehensive study of the system behavior in response to stress for different species gives the key to identify the general mechanisms of AOS regulation. In this article, we studied stress-induced changes in the expression of AOS genes in photosynthetic tissues for rice and bread wheat.MethodsA meta-analysis of genome-wide transcriptome data on stress-induced changes in expression profiles of antioxidant genes using microarray and next generation sequencing (NGS) experiments from the GEO NCBI database for rice and bread wheat was carried out. Experimental study of expression changes in short (6 h) and prolonged (24 h) cold stress responses for selected AOS genes of bread wheat cultivars Saratovskaya29 and Yanetzkis Probat was conducted using qPCR.ResultsThe large-scale meta-transcriptome and complementary experimental analysis revealed a summary of fold changes in the AOS gene expression in response to cold and water deficiency for rice and bread wheat.
Highlights
Plant cell metabolic processes such as aerobic respiration and photosynthesis produce reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Identification of the orthological groups for the antioxidant system (AOS) genes Phylogenetic analysis allowed estimating the composition of orthological groups of antioxidant genes and to comparing of stress-induced changes in AOS genes between rice and bread wheat
For CAT group we demonstrated that CAT A (Fig. 2A) slightly downregulates in response to treatment, it should be noted that the decrease in the level to 0.8–0.85, which occurs for Saratovskaya 29 (S29) already in response on a 6 h treatment, for Yanetzkis Probat (YP) happens only with an increase in treatment time to 24 h, still near control group level in 6 h treatment experiment
Summary
Plant cell metabolic processes such as aerobic respiration and photosynthesis produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidant system (AOS) protects the cell from ROS This system is multi-copy, and the number of its genes varies from species to species. GPX enzymes catalyze the reduction of peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxides in presence of glutathione as hydrogen donor (Maiorino et al, 1995) These enzymes in comparison with CAT works slowly but with higher affinity, decompose small amounts of peroxide, which is formed in the cell during normal metabolism (Khompatara et al, 2019). Methods: A meta-analysis of genome-wide transcriptome data on stress-induced changes in expression profiles of antioxidant genes using microarray and generation sequencing (NGS) experiments from the GEO NCBI database for rice and bread wheat was carried out. Results: The large-scale meta-transcriptome and complementary experimental analysis revealed a summary of fold changes in the AOS gene expression in response to cold and water deficiency for rice and bread wheat
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