Stress Testing Method for Scenario-Based Testing of Automated Driving Systems

Abstract

Classical approaches and procedures for testing of automated vehicles of SAE levels 1 and 2 were based on defined scenarios with specific maneuvers, depending on the function under test. For automated driving systems (ADS) of SAE level 3+, the scenario space is infinite and calling for virtual testing and verification. However, even in simulation, the generation of safety-relevant scenarios for ADS is expensive and time-consuming. This leads to a demand for stochastic and realistic traffic simulation. Therefore, microscopic traffic flow simulation models (TFSM) are becoming a crucial part of scenario-based testing of ADS. In this paper, a co-simulation between the multi-body simulation software IPG CarMaker and the microscopic traffic flow simulation software (TFSS) PTV Vissim is used. Although the TFSS could provide realistic and stochastic behavior of the traffic participants, safety-critical scenarios (SCS) occur rarely. In order to avoid this, a novel Stress Testing Method (STM) is introduced. With this method, traffic participants are manipulated via external driver DLL interface from PTV Vissim in the vicinity of the vehicle under test in order to provoke defined critical maneuvers derived from statistical accident data on highways in Austria. These external driver models imitate human driving errors, resulting in an increase of safety-critical scenarios. As a result, the presented STM method contributes to an increase of safety-relevant scenarios for verification, testing and assessment of ADS.