Abstract
The strengthening and stabilization of damaged compressed masonry columns with composites based on fabrics of high-strength fibers and epoxy resin, or polymer-modified cement mixtures, belongs to novel, partially non-invasive and reversible progressive methods. The stabilizing and reinforcing effect of these fabrics significantly applies to masonry structures under concentric compressive loading whose failure mechanism is characterized by the appearance and development of vertical tensile cracks accompanied by an increase in horizontal masonry strain. During the appearance of micro and hairline cracks (10−3 to 10−1 mm), the effect of non-pre-stressed wrapping composite is very small. The favorable effect of passive wrapping is only intensively manifested after the appearance of cracks (10−1 mm and bigger) at higher loading levels. In the case of “optimum” reinforcement of a masonry column, the experimental research showed an increase in vertical displacements δy (up to 247%), horizontal displacements δx (up to 742%) and ultimate load-bearing capacity (up to 136%) compared to the values reached in unreinforced masonry columns. In the case of masonry structures in which no intensive “bed joint filler–masonry unit” interaction occurs, e.g., in regular coursed masonry with little differences in the mechanical characteristics of masonry units and the binder, the reinforcing effect of the fabric applies only partially.
Highlights
In the last two decades, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have found their place among traditional reinforcement and stabilization methods for masonry structures [1]
Label explanation: CB—clay brick columns, URM—unreinforced, CFRP—reinforced with carbon fabric bonded by epoxy resin, CFRCM—reinforced with carbon mesh bonded by stabilized cement matrix, S—reinforcing strips, W—reinforced by overall wrapping, L—reinforced by lamellae inserted in horizontal grooves, J—every Xth bed joint reinforced, H—height of reinforcing strip, (X)—original number of the test specimen
The failure mechanism of compressed masonry structures is dramatically affected by the size and shape of masonry units, their mechanical characteristics and, last but not least, the masonry and shape of masonry units, their mechanical characteristics and, last but not least, the masonry bond
Summary
In the last two decades, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have found their place among traditional reinforcement and stabilization methods for masonry structures [1]. Strengthening with high-strength carbon fibers belongs to novel, partially non-invasive and reversible progressive methods based on limiting the appearance and development of tensile cracks resulting from horizontal tensile stresses caused by the contraction and mutual interaction of masonry components with different displacement properties. These are, above all, applications for strengthening structures against bending, tension, and shear and, to a lesser extent, in increasing the load-bearing capacity by wrapping the load-bearing members (mainly columns and pillars [2,3]). FRP material masonry substrate design of new and suitable theoretical models on the effect ofand thethe binder on the [25,26,27], resultantthe bond strength between the FRP material and the describing the behavior of the FRPdesign materials in terms of theirtheoretical adhesion models to the substrate [28], on the masonry substrate [25,26,27], of new and suitable describing the or behavior experimental and theoretical of substrate using new, binders for gluing externally of FRP materials in terms of theirinvestigation adhesion to the [28],flexible or on the experimental and theoretical bonded FRP reinforcement [29]. binders for gluing externally bonded FRP reinforcement [29]
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