Stress, Shift Duty and Eating Behavior among Nurses in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

ObjectivesStress and shift work are both factors that influence nurses’ eating behavior. This study investigated the association between stress, shift work and change in eating behavior among non‐Saudi female nurses working in Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaMethodsA sample of 395 non‐Saudi female nurses from two major hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia participated in this cross sectional study. The nurses completed a questionnaire from November 2013 through January 2014 that included items relating to stress and eating behavior using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). The questionnaire also contained items pertaining to socio‐demographic data, body mass index (BMI), shift work and hours worked per week.ResultsFor all eating styles, stress and shift duty influenced the amount of food nurses consumed, but was more significant under a restrained eating style. Under this eating style, a significantly higher percentage of nurses reported eating more fast food, snacks and binging, while fruits and vegetables were the least likely to be eaten under stress. High stressed nurses were more likely to present with abnormal restrained eating (Or = 1.52, p=0.004), emotional (OR = 1.24; p=0.001) and external (OR = 1.21; p=0.001) DEBQ scores. Working nighttime shift duty was positively associated with restrained eating (OR = 1.53; p=0.029); and emotional eating (OR=1.24; 0.001), but negatively associated with external eating (OR=0.45; p=0.001).ConclusionOur findings suggest that stress and shift duty were associated with eating habits.Support or Funding InformationDeanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia ‐ Research Group Project number 193