Stress Relaxation above and below the Jamming Transition.

Abstract

We numerically investigate stress relaxation in soft athermal disks to reveal critical slowing down when the system approaches the jamming point. The exponents describing the divergence of the relaxation time differ dramatically depending on whether the transition is approached from the jammed or unjammed phase. This contrasts sharply with conventional dynamic critical scaling scenarios, where a single exponent characterizes both sides. We explain this surprising difference in terms of the vibrational density of states, which is a key ingredient of linear viscoelastic theory. The vibrational density of states exhibits an extra slow mode that emerges below jamming, which we utilize to demonstrate the anomalous exponent below jamming.