Abstract

应力检测对光学元件的制造和使用意义重大。基于应力双折射原理,提出了一种利用偏振相机测量应力分布的方法。根据Stokes矩阵和Mueller矩阵推导出应力值及应力方向计算公式,并对影响系统测量精度的主要误差进行了理论分析。为验证方法的可行性,搭建了一台测量应力分布的装置。使用该装置测量一块633 nm的四分之一波片,测得其误差为0.86 nm。进一步测量,得出一块车灯透镜的全场应力相位延迟量与应力方向图,利用所测相位延迟量计算出透镜中心区域的应力双折射值为9.21 nm/mm、主应力差为2.45 MPa;利用符号规则调整了透镜的应力方向,结果符合应力连续性原则。该方法测量应力分布时无需旋动光学元件,可实现应力延迟量及应力方向的实时测量。

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