Abstract
In the past decade, several discoveries have documented the existence of innervation in ovarian cancer and cervical cancer. Notably, various neurotransmitters released by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system can promote the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms involving neurotransmitters in the occurrence and development of gynecological cancers will be beneficial for exploring the feasibility of using inexpensive β-blockers and dopamine agonists in the clinical treatment of gynecological cancers. Additionally, this article provides some new insights into targeting tumor innervation and neurotransmitters in the tumor microenvironment.
Highlights
Cervical cancer and ovarian cancer are two major gynecological malignancies
Various stress hormones produced under chronic stress exert protective effects on cancer cells through these receptors, which eventually leads to adverse clinical results
It is theoretically feasible to try to eliminate tumor innervation or block stress hormone receptors on the surface of tumor cells. Drugs that block these receptors are common in clinical treatment and have the greatest potential
Summary
Cervical cancer and ovarian cancer are two major gynecological malignancies. Cervical cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death among young and middle-aged women (Bray et al, 2018; Siegel et al, 2020). Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cause of cancer and the eighth leading cause of death in women. As ovarian cancer is difficult to diagnose early and is associated with high malignancy and drug resistance, it has the worst prognosis and highest mortality rate among all gynecological cancers (Coburn et al, 2017; Webb and Jordan, 2017; Torre et al, 2018). A better understanding of the biological behaviors of cervical cancer and ovarian cancer is urgently needed, and novel therapeutic targets need to be identified.
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