Stress Granules Involved in Formation, Progression and Metastasis of Cancer: A Scoping Review.

Mohammad Reza Asadi,Mohammad Taheri,Dara Rahmanpour,Marziyeh Sadat Moslehian,Mehdi Hassani,Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard,Hani Sabaie,Maryam Rezazadeh

doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.745394

Abstract

The assembly of stress granules (SGs) is a well-known cellular strategy for reducing stress-related damage and promoting cell survival. SGs have become important players in human health, in addition to their fundamental role in the stress response. The critical role of SGs in cancer cells in formation, progression, and metastasis makes sense. Recent researchers have found that several SG components play a role in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis via tumor-associated signaling pathways and other mechanisms. Gene-ontology analysis revealed the role of these protein components in the structure of SGs. Involvement in the translation process, regulation of mRNA stability, and action in both the cytoplasm and nucleus are among the main features of SG proteins. The present scoping review aimed to consider all studies on the effect of SGs on cancer formation, proliferation, and metastasis and performed based on a six-stage methodology structure and the PRISMA guideline. A systematic search of seven databases for qualified articles was conducted before July 2021. Publications were screened, and quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed on the extracted data. Go analysis was performed on seventy-one SGs protein components. Remarkably G3BP1, TIA1, TIAR, and YB1 have the largest share among the proteins considered in the studies. Altogether, this scoping review tries to demonstrate and provide a comprehensive summary of the role of SGs in the formation, progression, and metastasis of cancer by reviewing all studies.

Highlights

In 1988, dense cytoplasmic bodies formed under stress in chicken embryonic fibroblasts were named stress granules (SGs) (Collier et al, 1988)
Human cancer samples used in the studies, respectively, include pancreatic cancer sample (Wen et al, 2012; Grabocka and Bar-Sagi, 2016; Coppin et al, 2017), gastric cancer sample (Lin et al, 2019; Zhao et al, 2021), breast cancer sample (Her2 positive or negative) (Cougot et al, 2014; Zhang et al, 2021), prostate cancer sample (Vellky et al, 2020), Renal Cell Carcinoma samples (Wang et al, 2018), Bone marrow aspiration and blood samples (Bartkowiak et al, 2015), and non-small-cell lung carcinoma samples (Zheng et al, 2019)
The highest rates are related to G3BP1 with 12.5%, TIA1 with 7.5%, TIAR with 5%, and YB1 with 4.5%

Summary

Introduction

In 1988, dense cytoplasmic bodies formed under stress in chicken embryonic fibroblasts were named stress granules (SGs) (Collier et al, 1988). Stress Granule and Cancer classification of stresses based on a study in 2008, two categories can be presented: Type I stresses preferentially induce SG formation, which includes hypoxia, heat shock, and arsenic, whereas type II stresses especially activate stress-responsive MAPK cascades, which include X-rays and genotoxic drugs like methyl methanesulphonate (MMS), etoposide (Arimoto et al, 2008). In response to this diversity of stress, the cell pursues an evolutionary strategy that leads to the formation of SGs (Jevtov et al, 2015). With the release of stress and the end of translational inhibition, the SGs disassemble, and the mRNA makes its way to the translating polysomes (Aulas et al, 2017; Khong and Parker, 2018)

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion