Abstract
Aims: To describe heart rate (HR) variations in surgical residents during laparoscopy and to assess their intraoperative stress. Methods: We performed a prospective, multicentric, observational, blinded, and comparative analysis of the HR in 75 obstetrics and gynecology residents during planned laparoscopy for infertility in five teaching hospitals with assisted reproductive technology centers. The surgical residents had neither heart disease nor were under medical treatment or using tobacco or drugs. We describe HR variations at 9 preselected operative steps using real-time noninvasive measures of the HR during laparoscopy. Results: Residents performed 124 laparoscopies for unexplained infertility. Their HR increased significantly during the introduction of the Palmer needle, umbilical port and second port, and during abdominopelvic exploration and dye test compared to the baseline HR, the HR after hand washing, at the end of surgery and during skin suture (91.6 ± 1.9, 104.8 ± 2.3, 95.3 ± 2.2, 93.7 ± 2.5, 90.7 ± 1.7 vs. 83.2 ± 1.6, 88.6 ± 1.9, 87.4 ± 2.1, 88.2 ± 1.9 bpm, respectively, p < 0.02). Conclusion: Our results point to a potential stress for the surgeon assessed by HR variations during planned laparoscopy compared to the baseline HR before surgery. This ‘static' stress can be repeated on the same day.
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