Stress Effects on Multiple Memory System Interactions

Deborah Ness,Pasquale Calabrese

doi:10.1155/2016/4932128

Deborah Ness, Pasquale Calabrese

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4932128

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Abstract

Extensive behavioural, pharmacological, and neurological research reports stress effects on mammalian memory processes. While stress effects on memory quantity have been known for decades, the influence of stress on multiple memory systems and their distinct contributions to the learning process have only recently been described. In this paper, after summarizing the fundamental biological aspects of stress/emotional arousal and recapitulating functionally and anatomically distinct memory systems, we review recent animal and human studies exploring the effects of stress on multiple memory systems. Apart from discussing the interaction between distinct memory systems in stressful situations, we will also outline the fundamental role of the amygdala in mediating such stress effects. Additionally, based on the methods applied in the herein discussed studies, we will discuss how memory translates into behaviour.

Highlights

In the following, the biological correlates and mechanisms of stress and their influence on memory processing will be discussed in order to outline the basic mechanisms underlying the differential ways in which memory can be affected by a stressor.1.1
The functional integrity of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is not the probabilistic classification learning (PCL) task, but it changes the nature of necessary for the acquisition of place and classification learning from flexible, Intra-BLA infusions of response learning
Acute stress can make behaviour habitual hippocampus-dependent system and hippocampus-dependent cognitive without affecting processes involved in allows the striatum to control behaviour, Emotional state can modulate the memory and enhance dorsal learning which rescues task performance degree of interference between striatum-dependent habit memory, cognitive and habit memory respectively

Summary

Introduction

The biological correlates and mechanisms of stress and their influence on memory processing will be discussed in order to outline the basic mechanisms underlying the differential ways in which memory can be affected by a stressor.1.1. Whether a situation is experienced as stressful or not is determined by complex interactions between different brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala [1, 2]. The involvement of these structures in the process of appraisal is critical to the ability to link the currently experienced situation with one’s past experiences in order to modulate adaptive behaviour

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Discussion

Conclusion