Stress and the cardiovascular system performance: current state of the problem (literature overview)

Abstract

Annotation. Today, the adaptation of people during the warin Ukraine is an important medical and social problem, and for many it serves as an extreme factor affecting changes in the dynamics of physiological processes. Stress is a universal adaptive reaction that causes changes in the functioning of all body systems. One of the adverse consequences of chronic psychological stress is the development of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the work is to systematize and analyze the existing problematic aspects of the influence of stress on the activity of the cardiovascular system and to separate the most substantiated approaches to assessing the effects of stress. From the GoogleScholar, PubMed data bases, 45 recent publications on this issue were selected and reviewed. The analysis of literary sources determines the growing interest in the problem of reactivity of the cardiovascular system to psycho-emotional stress. The impact of stress on the human body can be both positive and negative. When stress is short-lived and very strong, it has a beneficial effect, and, on the contrary, if it is intense, acute and long-lasting, it has an adverse effect. One of the tools for objective assessment of stress is heart rate variability, which is recognized as an indicator of autonomic nervous activity. The work examines the invariance of heart rate variability indicators as indicators of the body's stress resistance in the modern distressed anthropogenic environment. Thus, the determination of changes in the regulation of the activity of the cardiovascular system caused by stress at the initial stages has an important prognostic value regarding the development and prevention of possible cardiovascular complications. Observation of stress-related changes in heart rate variability can be used to objectively assess stress. It is worth emphasizing the predictive value of the heart rate variability assessment method, rather than its physiological interpretation.